
Poznámky k syntaxi jazyka C++ vypsané z https://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial
|
Jméno |
Popis | Velikost | Rozsah* |
|---|---|---|---|
| char | Character or small integer. | 1byte | signed: -128 to 127 unsigned: 0 to 255 |
| short int (short) | Short Integer. | 2bytes | signed: -32768 to 32767 unsigned: 0 to 65535 |
| int | Integer. | 4bytes | signed: -2147483648 to 2147483647 unsigned: 0 to 4294967295 |
| long int (long) | Long integer. | 4bytes | signed: -2147483648 to 2147483647 unsigned: 0 to 4294967295 |
| bool | Boolean value. It can take one of two values: true or false. | 1byte | true or false |
| float | Floating point number. | 4bytes | 3.4e +/- 38 (7 digits) |
| double | Double precision floating point number. | 8bytes | 1.7e +/- 308 (15 digits) |
| long double | Long double precision floating point number. | 8bytes | 1.7e +/- 308 (15 digits) |
| wchar_t | Wide character. | 2 or 4 bytes | 1 wide character |
75 // decimal
0113 // octal
0x4b // hexadecimal
75 // int
75u // unsigned int
75l // long
75ul // unsigned long3.14159 // 3.14159
6.02e23 // 6.02 x 10^23
1.6e-19 // 1.6 x 10^-19
3.0 // 3.03.14159L // long double
6.02e23f // float
'z'
'p'
"Hello world"
"How do you do?"
speciální znaky
\n newline
\r carriage return
\t tab
\v vertical tab
\b backspace
\f form feed (page feed)
\a alert (beep)
\' single quote (')
\" double quote (")
\? question mark (?)
\\ backslash (\)
Příklad:
'\n'
'\t'
"Left \t Right"
"one\ntwo\nthree"
"string expressed in \
two lines"
"this forms" "a single" "string" "of characters"
true a false
#define identifier value
Např.:
#define PI 3.14159265
#define NEWLINE '\n'
const int pathwidth = 100;
const char tabulator = '\t';
=
a=5; a=b;
+ součet, - rozdíl, * součin / podíl % modulo
a = 11 % 3;
výraz znamená
value += increase; value = value + increase;
a -= 5; a = a - 5;
a /= b; a = a / b;
price *= units + 1; price = price * (units + 1);
Example 1 Example 2
B=3; B=3;
A=++B; A=B++;
// A contains 4, B contains 4 // A contains 3, B contains 4
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal to
| a | b | a && b |
|---|---|---|
| true | true | true |
| true | false | false |
| false | true | false |
| false | false | false |
|| OPERATOR
| a | b | a || b |
|---|---|---|
| true | true | true |
| true | false | true |
| false | true | true |
| false | false | false |
Příklad:
( (5 == 5) && (3 > 6) ) // evaluates to false ( true && false ). ( (5 == 5) || (3 > 6) ) // evaluates to true ( true || false ). |
condition ? result1 : result2
7==5 ? 4 : 3 // returns 3, since 7 is not equal to 5. 7==5+2 ? 4 : 3 // returns 4, since 7 is equal to 5+2. 5>3 ? a : b // returns the value of a, since 5 is greater than 3. a>b ? a : b // returns whichever is greater, a or b. |
a = (b=3, b+2);
Napřed přiřadí 3 do proměnné b a pak b+2 do proměnné a. Takže nakonec bude v proměnné a hodnota 5 a hodnota b bude 3.
Bitwise operátory ( &, |, ^, ~, <<, >> )
| operátor | asm equivalent | popis |
|---|---|---|
| & | AND | Bitwise AND |
| | | OR | Bitwise Inclusive OR |
| ^ | XOR | Bitwise Exclusive OR |
| ~ | NOT | Unary complement (bit inversion) |
| << | SHL | Shift Left |
| >> | SHR | Shift Right |
Příklad:
int i;
float f = 3.14;
i = (int) f;
nebo
i = int ( f );
a = sizeof()
| Level | Operator | Description | Grouping |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | :: | scope | Left-to-right |
| 2 | () [] . -> ++ -- dynamic_cast static_cast reinterpret_cast const_cast typeid | postfix | Left-to-right |
| 3 | ++ -- ~ ! sizeof new delete | unary (prefix) | Right-to-left |
| * & | indirection and reference (pointers) | ||
| + - | unary sign operator | ||
| 4 | (type) | type casting | Right-to-left |
| 5 | .* ->* | pointer-to-member | Left-to-right |
| 6 | * / % | multiplicative | Left-to-right |
| 7 | + - | additive | Left-to-right |
| 8 | << >> | shift | Left-to-right |
| 9 | < > <= >= | relational | Left-to-right |
| 10 | == != | equality | Left-to-right |
| 11 | & | bitwise AND | Left-to-right |
| 12 | ^ | bitwise XOR | Left-to-right |
| 13 | | | bitwise OR | Left-to-right |
| 14 | && | logical AND | Left-to-right |
| 15 | || | logical OR | Left-to-right |
| 16 | ?: | conditional | Right-to-left |
| 17 | = *= /= %= += -= >>= <<= &= ^= |= | assignment | Right-to-left |
| 18 | , | comma | Left-to-right |
Elektro
Všechny elektronické součástky pracují na DÝM, jakmile z nich jednou unikne, přestávají pracovat.